IELTS or TOEFL: choosing the right English test

Who runs each test

IELTS (International English Language Testing System) is jointly owned by the British Council, IDP and Cambridge University Press & Assessment. TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) is run by ETS, a US-based testing organisation. Both are delivered through approved test centres worldwide, and both offer computer-based options in many locations.

Academic, General Training and other versions

IELTS Academic is the usual choice for university admission and some professional registration. IELTS General Training is often used for work and migration purposes. TOEFL iBT is the main TOEFL test for university admission; ETS also offers other TOEFL products for different purposes. Always confirm the exact version listed by the receiving organisation, because a score on the wrong version may not be accepted.

How the formats differ

Both tests assess listening, reading, writing and speaking. In IELTS, speaking is a conversation with a trained examiner. In TOEFL iBT, speaking responses are recorded and scored. Some learners prefer talking to a person, while others are more comfortable recording answers. Reading and listening tasks also differ in style, so trying a sample test of each is the quickest way to see which suits you.

IELTS reports results as bands from 0 to 9. TOEFL iBT has long reported a total score out of 120, and ETS has been introducing reporting on a 1–6 band scale aligned with the CEFR. Check which scale and minimum scores your institution states on its admissions page.

Choosing between them

If only one test is accepted, the decision is made for you. If both are accepted, compare the nearest test dates, the cost in your country, how quickly results are issued and which format you perform better in. Many institutions treat results as valid for two years, so avoid testing too early.

• Confirm the accepted test and version on the official requirements page.
• Note the overall score and any minimum per skill.
• Check test-centre availability and result timelines against your deadline.
• Take one full practice test of each format if you are unsure.

Choosing a preparation course

A preparation course works best when you are already close to the required level. Look for courses that use official practice material, set timed mock tests, and give individual feedback on writing and speaking. A school's general English course may be the better first step if you are more than one band or level below your target.